WHAT IS A MOTHERBOARD

A motherboard is the physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computer's basic circuitry and components. On the typical motherboard, the circuitry is imprinted or affixed to the surface of a firm planar surface and usually manufactured in a single step. The most common motherboard design in desktop computers today is the AT, based on the IBM AT motherboard. A more recent motherboard specification,ATX improves on the AT design. In both the AT and ATX designs, the computer components included in the motherboard are:

·         The microprocessor

·         (Optionally) coprocessors

·         Memory

·         basic input/output system

·         Expansion slot

·         Interconnecting circuitry

Additional components can be added to a motherboard through its expansion slot. The electronic interface between the motherboard and the smaller boards or cards in the expansion slots is called the bus

Read More

WHAT IS MICRO PROCESSOR

A microprocessor, sometimes called a logic chip, is a computer processor on a microchipThe microprocessor contains all, or most of, the central processing unit (cpu) functions and is the "engine" that goes into motion when you turn your computer on. A microprocessor is designed to perform arithmetic and logic operations that make use of small number-holding areas called registers. Typical microprocessor operations include adding, subtracting, comparing two numbers, and fetching numbers from one area to another. These operations are the result of a set of instructions that are part of the microprocessor design.When your computer is turned on, the microprocessor gets the first instruction from the basic input/output system (bios) that comes with the computer as part of its memory  After that, either the BIOS, or the operating system that BIOS loads into computer memory, or an application progam is "driving" the microprocessor, giving it instructions to perform.

Read More

WHAT IS A FIREWALL ?

A firewall is a part of a computer system or network that is designed  to block unauthorised access while permitting outward communication. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software , or combination of both . A firewall is a dedicated appliance or software running on computer which inspects network traffic passing through it and defines or permits passage based on a set of rules . There are several types of firewall techniques available , they are the followings

Packet-filter

It looks each packet entering or leaving the networks and accept or rejects it based on user defined rules

Application gateway

Applies security mechanisms to specific applications such as ftp,telnet etc

Circuit level gateway

Applies security mechanisms when a tcp or udp connection is established .

Proxy server

Intercepts all messages entering and leaving the network . The proxy server effectively hides the true network address

Read More

STRUCTURE OF LINUX

Linux is a free os which was created by Linus Torvalds at the university of Helsinky in 1991. Torvalds  started linux by creating its kernel partially by using publically available softwares , Then he release the system to his friends , to the internet and asked them to work with it and enhance it. Today 100’s of software developers around the world contributing software to the linux support. Source code of linux operating system is free. Software available for linux was developed by GNU software FSF (free software foundation ) .Structure of linux operating system include

Hardware devices : in any computer system the lowermost layer is the hardware components

Kernel : kernel is known as the core of an operating system , which control the entire operation of the system. Only kernal can directly communicate with hardware

Application programes : an application program may be a word, spread sheet , image editor ,music player etc. these application programes make the use of the computer easily

Shell : shell is an interface through which a user can interact with kernal . all the users in linux system will have their own shell running on the background . all the commands given by users will passed through the shell and interpreted to a form the kernal can understand 

Read More

INTRODUCTION TO LINUX

Linux is a free operating system  which was created by Linus Torvalds at the university of Helsinky in 1991. Torvalds  started linux by creating its kernel partially by using publically available softwares , Then he release the system to his friends , to the internet and asked them to work with it and enhance it. Today 100’s of software developers around the world contributing software to the linux support. Source code of linux operating system is free. Software available for linux was developed by GNU software FSF (free software foundation ) . features of linux include

Multiuser : multiple users can log on to the same linux machine at the same time through different terminals

Multitasking : user can execute more than one program at a time

Network servers : a variety of software packages are available which helps to use linux for different server applications

Application support : there are different application interfaces , built in support for c  c++ , java etc

Hardware support : Hardware support  of linux operating system is very high

Read More